What causes pipes to burst, and how can I prevent it?

Pipes burst primarily due to freezing temperatures, excessive water pressure, aging materials, and corrosion. In Ottawa's harsh winters, frozen pipes are the leading cause of burst pipes, but several other factors can lead to this costly emergency.

Freezing is the most common culprit in Ottawa homes. When water freezes inside pipes, it expands by about 9%, creating tremendous pressure that can crack or split the pipe. This typically happens in unheated areas like crawl spaces, exterior walls, or uninsulated basements. Even a small crack can release hundreds of gallons of water once it thaws.

High water pressure is another major cause. Ottawa's municipal water pressure typically runs between 40-80 PSI, but pressure spikes or improperly adjusted pressure reducing valves can stress pipes beyond their limits. Old galvanized steel pipes are particularly vulnerable, as they've already been weakened by decades of corrosion and mineral buildup.

Age and material degradation play significant roles. Homes built before 1960 often have galvanized steel pipes that corrode from the inside out, while even newer copper pipes can develop pinhole leaks due to Ottawa's relatively hard water. Tree root intrusion into sewer lines can also cause backups that stress the entire plumbing system.

Prevention starts with winterization. Keep your home heated to at least 15°C even when away, open cabinet doors under sinks during cold snaps to allow warm air circulation, and let faucets drip slightly during extreme cold. Insulate pipes in unheated areas and seal air leaks around pipe penetrations.

Regular maintenance prevents most other causes. Have your water pressure checked annually - it should stay between 40-60 PSI. Consider replacing galvanized pipes if your home is over 40 years old, and have your plumbing system inspected every few years to catch problems early. Install a whole-home surge protector for your plumbing system if you experience frequent pressure fluctuations.

Know your main water shutoff valve location and test it annually to ensure it works. In an emergency, shutting off the main water supply immediately can save thousands in water damage. For comprehensive pipe inspection and preventive maintenance, Ottawa Pro Plumbing offers free consultations to help identify vulnerable areas before they become expensive emergencies.

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